Skąd potrzeba obwiniania ofiar?

Victim blaming is a common psychological defense strategy that can be quite damaging. Temporarily, victim blaming can make us feel slightly safer, but it harms victims and society. Eventually, it could harm you or the people you love. 

When you read about people in trouble, or victims of violence or political circumstances… do you mentally find reasons why such things wouldn’t happen to you? “I would have been more careful…”, “In her place, I’d have tried to escape…”, “That’s just how those people are, why don’t they fight against oppression…”, or a popular idea among some New Age groups, “They probably brought it onto themselves by their negative thoughts!” These are some common examples of victim blaming. 

Obwinianie ofiary jest powszechną, automatyczną ludzką cechą. defense strategy – an attempt to override our own fears and create a feeling that we are not another potential victim of circumstances. The feeling that we, too, might be out of control over our own lives is frightening and it’s a natural need to try to avoid it, even if the logic required is extremely subjective.

Consequences of victim blaming

The consequence of victim blaming is that the responsibility of an abuser can be ignored or even actively diminished. W naszej potrzebie unikania strachu, we don’t want to give too much power or attention to an abuser. We don’t want to feel that in a similar situations, we would probably end up as a victim too. We want to feel that we would be stronger, more “special”, so we seek ideas which would make us feel that a victim’s fate was avoidable in a specific situation, but the person involved must have made some wrong decisions to end up like that.

Double standards

Czasami, owszem, ofiary popełniają błędy. Ale who doesn’t make mistakes? Czy miałeś w swoim życiu sytuacje, w których mogłeś zostać zraniony, gdyby ludzie, którym ufałeś, okazali się niegodni zaufania? (Wiem, że tak było.) Lub gdyby tylko mały szczegół sytuacji okazał się inny? Ile razy podejmowałeś ryzyko, wiedząc, że je podejmujesz, ale uważając, że szansa na kłopoty jest wystarczająco mała? Czy naprawdę można żyć pełnią życia, jeśli zawsze gra się całkowicie bezpiecznie?

Nawet biorąc pod uwagę przemoc, która jest w pewnym stopniu przewidywalna, a ofiara ma wybór, taką jak przemoc domowa, zawsze istnieją wiele okoliczności, które ludzie zwykle ignorują, takich jak wychowanie i wczesne szkolenie środowiskowe. How many people are brainwashed, by religion, bed-time stories and such, that “love conquers everything”, “self-sacrifice is noble” (sometimes it is, but not when there isn’t enough responsibility from the other side), or that compassion equals appeasement?

Wiele osób rozwija “learned helplessness” syndrome through family role-models or experience of direct abuse. Many learn it’s not acceptable to say “No”. Can any of us claim that we have fully gotten rid of our own families’ beliefs and traditions? For a person who grew up in an abusive family, abuse can appear normal and inevitable. They might not be aware of what else is possible, they might perceive it as unavailable, or they might believe that other people are just pretending to be happy.

Even entire nations can collectively develop a form of learned helplessness. Some Russian emigrants (such as Elvira Bary oraz Vlad Vexler) believe that the Russian mentality has been shaped this way after centuries of violence and exploitation. Russia is just one of many examples.

But even in more freedom-oriented societies—for example, in the United States in recent times—it can be seen that resisting tyranny is not as easy as it may appear from the outside. Tyrants always have some internal support, sometimes even significant support if they manage to manipulate the population sufficiently. It is easier to fight against an external threat than against a large portion of one’s own people.

I tak, z potrzeby unikania własnych lęków, możemy przynieść jeszcze więcej cierpienia ludziom, którzy i tak już wystarczająco cierpią. We can be arrogant to people who experienced injustice, betrayal or violence. “Couldn’t you see the czerwone flagi?” Of course there were red flags, but who of us pays serious attention to every single red flag in our relationships with others? If we all did so, we’d avoid the rest of humanity most of the time. Even our doubts sometimes need to be doubted.

How to redirect your thinking

Nie możemy uniknąć takich psychologicznych strategii obronnych, ale możemy rozpoznać, czym one są. We can consciously give voice to the compassionate and responsible parts of us. Imagine, for example, that your son or daughter are in distress, or your love partner, best friend… how would you think then? What would you do? This kind of attitude can not only help us avoid hurting an unfortunate person even more, it can motivate us to make the world better. Victim blaming is easy. Compassion requires emotional maturity.

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