他人の目を気にすることと利己主義のバランスをどうとるか？

Question: Where is the middle ground between “stop caring about what others think” & “stop being so selfish”?

写真：レイオ・マクラーレン

答え他人の目を気にすることも、利己的であることも、生物学的な体質や育った環境の一部です。生まれつき共感力や社会性が高い人もいれば、低い人もいる。また、自分の欲求と他人の欲求のバランスをとる感覚も、生まれつき備わっていると思います。しかし、不健全で人を操るような親は、子どもたちにその自然な本能を無視させ、忘れさせ、不信感を抱かせる。

なぜ他人の目を気にするのか？

Caring for others’ opinions—even when those opinions are quite misguided—was crucial for prospering within a human community for hundreds of thousands of years. People who cooperated with others not only ensured their own survival; it also helped the survival and well-being of their offspring. Sometimes it was a matter of life and death—through most of human history, a person who was ostracized from a community could easily die. Only a few centuries ago, just being slightly strange or stepping on the wrong person’s toe could result in being burned at the stake. That’s a pretty strong motivation for caring about what others think!

On the other hand, selfishness could also result in a person gaining an advantage over others, ensuring their own and their children’s survival and prosperity. That’s why, as a species, we never lost it, despite the pressure to cooperate. Obviously, selfishness worked best for those who were stronger and more aggressive than the rest.

バランスを取る

But let’s focus on a practical answer: your body will usually send you signals if you are out of balance in either direction. However, it can also send you signals of fear and confusion if you were punished or manipulated as a child to deny your own needs in favor of others. Some parents can instill fear in their children by often expressing their own fear of what others think. Therefore, it’s very important to observe yourself in order to learn to distinguish between a healthy warning of lack of balance in your body and unhealthy emotions that are the result of childhood programming.

If you find this difficult early on, this question might be good guidance: Is what I’m doing bringing more trouble to others than it is important to me?

For example, if you are running to catch a plane, it’s not selfish to cause minor discomfort to other people by asking them to let you jump the queue. If you are exhausted or sick, it’s not selfish to take a seat in public transport, even if there are older people around, as long as none of them seem to be in worse condition than you.

一方、夜中に大音量で音楽を流せば、多くの人に不快感を与え、健康上の問題を引き起こす可能性さえある。友人とおしゃべりするために歩道をふさいでいれば、多くの人をイライラさせている。

There are also plenty of situations in which all people involved might have strong needs and desires, in which case finding an answer is not so straightforward. But as long as you are honestly looking for balance, you don’t have to worry that you are being selfish.

If you’re often troubled by what others think, remember that it may be the result of excessive social control over many generations. On the other hand, if others tell you that you’re selfish, it might be useful to sometimes put yourself in their shoes and see yourself from their perspective.

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