子供たちをあまりイライラさせずに道徳心を教える方法

Most of us want an ethical and happy society around us, so we want our children to be kind and constructive members of the society, too. On the other hand, it seems many parents expect their kids to develop morals spontaneously, without investing too much time into it. It is still rare to see parents teach children moral values ​​patiently, calmly, and respectfully.  Shouting, belittling, manipulation, impatience, even insults are much more common. In this way, children are taught to follow rules, but not なぜ そのルールには価値がある。

When we grow up, it can be difficult to remember how we felt and thought as kids. It seems even harder to open a couple of books and explore what is realistic to expect at what age. Younger children can feel (limited) empathy, understand the consequences in the form of reward and punishment, and follow the parental example. But a more abstract understanding and a broader perspective of moral values ​​develops on average only during adolescence, and this too is often a slow and conflicted process.

We would all like our children to be reasonable, considerate and compassionate, but it’s easy to forget that neither we at their age had the necessary experience nor the level of development. Of course, some children have more innate empathy and more desire to cooperate than others, but even such children take many years to reach a level of understanding parents often consider self-evident. The development of the human brain in all its complexity cannot be accelerated by force – but it can be stimulated and guided.

If parents teach children moral values ​​in an authoritarian, simplistic way, children may be rigid and close-minded as adults. They may be unconsciously afraid to broaden their perspective and adjust their judgment to a complex situation. They can learn to 共感と理解を無視する 特に親がそうであった場合は、厳格な規則を好む。このような子供たちの中には 反抗と不健康な抵抗 しつけに苦労することになり、その後の人生をより困難なものにしてしまうかもしれない。おそらく最も重要なことは、そのような子供たちが 信頼を失う より困難で複雑なジレンマに直面したとき、親に頼ろうとはしないだろう。

その一方で 子供には指導が必要 because without parental influence they can develop more slowly and randomly, especially considering all the toxic influences they may be exposed to through the mass media. But that guidance needs to be patient, flexible, and interesting, given the child’s desire for fun and limited attention span. Don’t expect quick results 木に育つには何年もかかるかもしれない種を蒔いているのだということを、常に心に留めておいてほしい。

子供たちが実験するのは普通のことだ。 with some unpleasant behaviors sometimes, in order to explore themselves and the the consequences of such behavior. Experience is the fastest way to learn. It would be a mistake to take this as a sign that things have gone wrong and that the child has a bad character. Maybe you too used to spray people with water from a window, or provoked others in various ways, maybe you stole something … simply out of lack of awareness and understanding, or out of a desire for excitement, rather than out of deliberate malice.

子どもたちに道徳的価値観を教えるには：実践

1. 1. • 率先垂範, especially by your behavior towards them. It’s a good idea to briefly and simply explain the motivation of your behavior (I want to understand you, I want you to feel good), as well as ask them how they feel about some of your behavior. Likewise, try to explain the feelings of others to them succinctly and simply. Children who experience understanding and compassion will learn to appreciate their value.
   • • 同様に、 子どもたちとのコミュニケーションにおいて、最大限の誠実さを実践する。 Don’t lie to them, evade answers, behave unpredictably or manipulatively. Even if you think they wouldn’t understand the truth, still try to explain it to them in a simpler way. Kids usually find it easier to accept an honest explanation that they don’t fully understand, but feel that your nonverbal communication is sincere, than when they feel you are pulling yourself out and distracting them. And they might surprise you with their understanding sometimes.
       ある状況において完全に公平であることができない場合は、それを認め、その理由を相手に説明する。自分の欠点や間違いを認める、 don’t pretend to be perfect or that you can’t be wrong. If you are proud of your integrity, children will learn that too.
   • • より集中する 望ましい行動を褒める rather than criticizing the undesirable, though the latter is sometimes necessary too. Explain why some behavior is desirable or not, rather than just calling it good or bad. Be concise, don’t give kids long lectures that would bore them.
   • • 報酬と罰 が必要な場合もあるが、過剰な適用は避けること。そうすれば、子どもたちは内面的な動機づけよりも外面的な動機づけを求めるようになるかもしれない。
   • • 子供に（合理的で適切な範囲内で）以下のことをさせる。 間違いを犯し、結果を経験する – especially if they ignore your warnings. For example, allow a milder fall, scratch, ridicule, or if they hit someone, to be hit back. Don’t rub their noses in it, but calmly ask them what they could learn from it.
   • • When you see someone behaving in an unreasonable or reckless way, ask your children (not necessarily on the spot) what they think about it, and then – briefly – explain to them how and why it is not a good choice (e.g. what the world would look like if all people behaved that way). You can also have such conversations about movies that children watch, but be careful not to overdo it and stop when you notice that they are losing focus.
   • 子供たちと遊ぶ 協力、自制、共感を促すゲーム (You can find a lot of ideas online). Most games teach children at least to follow agreed upon rules, tolerate frustration, and resolve conflicts. You can explain to young kids that they can’t change rules in the middle of a game, and that the sky will not fall on their heads if they lose. With older children, you can organize “ ブレーンストーミング ” or ディベート on various issues. It’s best to mix ethical, communication, and emotional problems with practical and even humorous problems, for balance. If you want to further motivate the kids, you can (occasionally) promise a prize for the best idea or the best argument in the debate.

   子どもによっては簡単なこともあれば、難しいこともある！

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